Lawyer Pavel PetrovLawyer Pavel Petrov

RURU ENEN

Russian Personal Bankruptcy with Income

INCOME · INSOLVENCY · PLANA salary, pension, self-employment income or another regular receipt does not bar a Russian individual from filing for bankruptcy. The law sets no maximum income and no formula based on a single salary figure. The court compares income, necessary expenses, assets, due dates and all debts when testing insolvency and choosing restructuring or asset realisation.

Income is no bar

An employed debtor may still be insolvent where the debt load is disproportionate.

No fixed threshold

Salary matters only together with debts and necessary family costs.

A plan may fit

An income source is one condition for proposing a restructuring plan.

Some funds are protected

Income treatment and protected subsistence are determined separately.

What income permits a filing?

Any income level may be compatible with a filing where the statutory insolvency or asset-insufficiency test is evidenced. A high salary may make a petition unfounded if it permits timely performance. A low income is not automatic proof either: the court checks the full liability list, assets, good faith and supporting records.

Do not test only one loan instalment. Build the complete picture: every obligation, dependants, protected expenses, liquid assets and the payment calendar.

What the court compares

FactorEvidenceWhy it matters
Stable net incomeEmployment, pension, self-employment, rent, bonuses and seasonalityShows real capacity rather than one strong month
Necessary expensesSubsistence, dependants, housing, treatment and documented special needsIdentifies the amount potentially available
Debt scheduleAmounts, due dates, arrears, security and enforcementCompares resources with matured duties
AssetsLiquid property, shares, security and exemptionsAffects asset insufficiency and procedure choice
Expected changeJob loss, illness, lower orders or ending paymentsMust be evidenced rather than assumed

When income supports restructuring

Having an income source when the plan is proposed is one Article 213.13 requirement. It does not make the plan feasible by itself. The plan must provide proportional repayment, preserve statutory subsistence and use a realistic term. Creditors and the court assess stability, family load and change risk.

If no sustainable surplus supports a feasible plan, asset realisation may follow where the statutory grounds exist. That does not mean every rouble of salary is surrendered: protected amounts and special payments are determined under Article 213.25, Civil Procedure Code Article 446 and enforcement legislation.

Is the income picture ready for court review?

Check the records already collected. Nothing is transmitted.

Is the income picture ready for court review?
Start with complete income statements and the debt calendar.

Documents to prepare

Three-year income file

Employer certificates, tax and pension data, civil contracts, self-employment receipts and bank statements.

Family budget

Dependants, rent or utilities, treatment and other necessary expenses.

Complete debt list

Agreements, schedules, demands, judgments and enforcement files.

Assets and transactions

Land register, vehicles, shares, accounts, securities and review-period transactions.

Forward evidence

Redundancy, contract expiry, seasonality or another documented change.

Two scenarios

Compare a feasible restructuring plan with asset-realisation consequences.

Frequently asked questions

Can an employed person become bankrupt?

Yes. Employment does not exclude insolvency; net income is compared with all obligations, expenses and assets.

Is there a maximum salary?

No fixed maximum. A larger surplus makes plan feasibility and the explanation of insolvency especially important.

Does the debtor keep the whole salary?

There is no general whole-salary exemption. Protected subsistence and special payments follow statutory rules and family circumstances.

Does self-employment income count?

Yes. Receipts, bank statements, seasonality, costs and actual stability matter.

Should a debtor resign before filing?

Artificially reducing income can raise good-faith concerns. Changes should be disclosed and evidenced, not manufactured.

Primary legal sources

Related guides

Debt restructuring · Money retained for living · Employment and bankruptcy

Need to test bankruptcy against your income?

We can compare income, family budget, assets and debts and review both judicial scenarios.

INITIAL CONSULTATION

General information as at 30 August 2026. Income alone neither proves nor disproves insolvency.

Official Income Does Not Bar Bankruptcy

It affects the procedure, estate and feasibility of a restructuring plan. The court reviews not only salary but debt burden, family, necessary expenses and repayment prospects.
IncomeReviewEvidence
SalaryNet amount and stabilityCertificates and statements
Self-employmentActual receipts and expensesTax and contracts
PensionType and protected componentSocial Fund
RentTitle and net proceedsLease
Irregular incomeFrequency and sourceStatements

Disclose every source

Concealing side work is more dangerous than the income itself.

Calculate protected expenses

Living minimum and dependants require evidence.

Compare procedures

Stable disposable income may support restructuring.

Income Is Neither Taken Entirely nor Kept Entirely Automatically

Article 213.25 includes income in the estate subject to statutory exclusions. Living funds follow the applicable minimum and case circumstances; additional necessary expenses require evidence and a formal decision. Restructuring tests whether a plan is feasible. A formal resignation before filing does not create a benefit and may raise good-faith concerns. Collect documents for one consistent period so the application, bank statements and certificates do not contradict one another. Keep protected payments traceable and identify their purpose in advance. Every conclusion depends on the actual facts; similar case practice cannot guarantee the same outcome. Build a separate three-year chronology of employment, large receipts, transactions, family-status changes and enforcement cases. This prevents current lack of property from being confused with an earlier transfer. Explain differences among property, vehicle, tax, bailiff and bank records before filing. Medical, rent and dependant expenses require contracts, receipts and certificates rather than an oral description. Review marital property even where title is held by the other spouse.

Income Map

No property or income · Protected payments