A final Russian judgment confirms a debt but does not by itself make it non-dischargeable. Personal bankruptcy requires identification of the underlying obligation, its date and any Article 213.28 exception.
Different judgment bases
| Judgment basis | Likely treatment | Review |
|---|---|---|
| Loan or ordinary contract debt | Usually within general discharge | Dates, filing, good faith and completion order |
| Current claim | Survives | When the obligation arose relative to petition acceptance |
| Maintenance, life or health damage, moral harm | Survive | Nature and separate amount of each award |
| Secondary liability | Survives where the statute provides | Basis and operative part |
| Company loss caused by a participant | May survive under a special exception | Debtor status and liability basis |
| Intentional property damage | Survives where intent was judicially established | Reasoning of the judgment |
| Litigation costs | Not classified by label alone | Accrual date and nature of the underlying proceeding |
Documents required before classification
Mark what is available.
Practical sequence
Identify the original basis
Find the contract, damage, duty or corporate breach behind the claim.
Break down the award
Separate principal, interest, penalties, loss, moral harm and costs.
Set the dates
Compare obligation accrual with petition acceptance.
Review exceptions
Apply Article 213.28(4)–(6) and the good-faith findings.
Check the bankruptcy case
Determine whether and how the creditor filed.
Read the completion order
The operative part controls discharge in the particular case.
Frequently asked questions
Is an unfiled judgment debt always discharged?
General discharge covers unfiled claims, but statutory surviving claims and the protected unknown-creditor situation remain.
May the judgment amount be relitigated in bankruptcy?
A final judgment is binding. The bankruptcy court classifies the claim, performance and procedural treatment rather than rerunning the resolved dispute.
Is a court order different from a judgment?
It is a different procedural act, but discharge still depends on the underlying claim and statutory exceptions.
What happens to enforcement proceedings?
That is a separate procedural issue governed by the bankruptcy stage and claim-filing rules.
Can a new writ issue after bankruptcy?
For a surviving claim, potentially under the applicable procedure. A discharged debt cannot continue to be collected.
Primary sources
- Insolvency Law, Article 5
- Article 213.28 — discharge and surviving claims
- Supreme Court personal-bankruptcy review, 18 June 2025
- Commercial Procedure Code, Article 16
Related guidance
Enforcement writ · Non-dischargeable debts · Creditor claim filing
Have a judgment and a discharge question?
Review the award basis, dates, exceptions and bankruptcy completion order.
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