Court debt recovery begins with the underlying obligation, evidence of non-payment and the appropriate procedural route. The correct filing may be a court-order application or a claim, depending on the type, amount and documentary basis of the demand.
Prepare the evidence
- the contract, receipt, invoice or other source of the obligation;
- proof of performance or transfer of money or goods;
- the payment date, demand letter and any reply;
- a calculation of principal, contractual penalty and interest where applicable;
- information needed to determine the competent court and the parties’ details.
Court order or claim?
A judicial order is a court decision issued by a judge alone for statutory categories of claims involving money or movable property. In civil procedure, the amount claimed or the value of property sought must not exceed 500,000 rubles. A dispute requiring examination of contested facts is ordinarily resolved in claim proceedings.
Limitation period
The general limitation period is three years, calculated under the rules on when the claimant knew or should have known of the breach and the proper defendant. Calculation can differ where the due date is not fixed, so it should be reviewed against the documents and facts.
After the judgment
A favorable court act is only part of recovery. The enforcement document, debtor assets, voluntary compliance and the execution procedure determine the practical outcome.
Legal framework
Relevant rules include Article 196 of the Russian Civil Code and Articles 121–122 of the Russian Civil Procedure Code. This material is general information and not a guarantee of recovery.