There is no single debt-recovery procedure for every dispute. The appropriate route depends on the parties, the legal basis of the debt, the documents available, whether the debt is disputed and whether a pre-action procedure is required.
Pre-action stage
Begin with the contract and any mandatory notice clause. A written demand should identify the obligation, calculation, documents and a clear deadline. In many commercial monetary disputes arising from contracts, transactions or unjust enrichment, a pre-action demand is required before arbitration proceedings after 30 calendar days, unless law or contract sets another period or procedure.
Negotiation and settlement
Negotiation, payment schedules and mediation can resolve a dispute before or during proceedings. A settlement must be drafted so that the debt, payment dates, default consequences and any waiver are clear.
Court route
An interested person may apply to a court for protection of a violated or disputed right. The correct court and procedure—court order, civil claim or arbitration claim—depend on the category of dispute and evidence. Documents can be filed on paper or electronically under the procedural rules.
Enforcement stage
After a court act, recovery usually requires an enforceable document and a practical assessment of the debtor’s assets and payments. The legal route should be planned with enforcement in mind, not only with obtaining a judgment in mind.
Legal framework
Relevant rules include Article 3 of the Russian Civil Procedure Code and Article 4 of the Arbitration Procedure Code. This material is general information and not legal advice for a particular dispute.