Court route
The commercial court at the debtor’s place of residence considers the petition.
Out-of-court route
The MFC accepts the application only when the conditions in Chapter X of Law No. 127-FZ are met.
Gosuslugi’s role
The portal can supply records, but it does not determine eligibility or discharge debts.
Why Gosuslugi does not replace a bankruptcy filing
Bankruptcy is not an ordinary administrative service. Court bankruptcy starts through a commercial-court act, while out-of-court bankruptcy starts after the MFC enters the information in the Unified Federal Register of Bankruptcy Information. A general online request, an MFC appointment or an electronic certificate does not start either procedure.
The procedural online channel for a court case is My Arbitr. A petition may also be delivered to the court or sent by post. Jurisdiction and the attachments required by Article 213.4 of Law No. 127-FZ must be checked first.
Where to file
| Situation | Channel | What to verify |
|---|---|---|
| Court procedure is required | Commercial court or My Arbitr | Grounds, jurisdiction, creditors, assets, income, transactions and all attachments |
| Out-of-court criteria are met | MFC at the place of residence or stay | Debt range, statutory qualifying ground, enforcement documents and full creditor list |
| Supporting data is needed | Gosuslugi and agency websites | Portal data must be reconciled with banks, the Bailiff Service, tax records and public registers |
What Gosuslugi may help you prepare
- identity, registration and document data;
- available electronic statements and certificates;
- official enforcement information;
- tax and individual-entrepreneur status records;
- an MFC appointment where the regional interface supports it.
A court petition requires a broader package: evidence of debts and creditors, accounts and electronic money, income, assets, transactions and family circumstances. The exact package depends on the facts and the court’s requirements.
Practical sequence
- Prepare a complete list of creditors and obligations, separating current and potentially non-dischargeable claims.
- Check enforcement cases, income, accounts, assets and relevant transactions.
- Compare the facts with the court and MFC eligibility rules.
- For court, prepare the petition and attachments, identify an SRO and use My Arbitr or paper filing.
- For MFC, complete the statutory form and creditor list and retain the receipt.
- Track the court docket and the bankruptcy register rather than relying solely on portal notices.
Common mistakes
- treating an MFC appointment as commencement of bankruptcy;
- sending a general Gosuslugi request instead of a procedural petition;
- copying a credit report without reconciling contracts and judgments;
- omitting a creditor, guarantee, security interest or e-wallet;
- choosing the MFC route without checking Article 223.2.
FAQ
Can I file a commercial-court petition through Gosuslugi?
The established electronic court channel is My Arbitr, not a general Gosuslugi request form.
Can out-of-court bankruptcy be completed entirely online?
The statute ties filing to an MFC. Regional online functions may assist with appointments and preparation, but do not replace the prescribed filing procedure.
Does My Arbitr require a verified account?
Use the authentication and electronic-signature method currently required by the service for the particular document.
Does Gosuslugi show every debt?
No. Private loans, security interests, judgments or recent charges may not be visible in one interface. Several sources must be reconciled.
When does bankruptcy legally start?
Court bankruptcy follows the relevant court act; out-of-court bankruptcy follows entry of the MFC information in the register.
Official sources
- Article 213.4 of Law No. 127-FZ;
- Article 223.2 of Law No. 127-FZ;
- Commercial Court Case File and My Arbitr;
- Unified Federal Register of Bankruptcy Information.
Related: how to start personal bankruptcy and out-of-court bankruptcy through an MFC.
Need to choose the correct route?
The grounds, document package and filing risks can be reviewed before submission.
Initial consultation